Uncle Bob Muir – Photo: Lior Cohen
New research is calling for a fundamental shift in how Australian universities and scientists publish research that draws on Indigenous Knowledges (sum of the understandings, skills, and philosophies developed by Indigenous societies with long histories of interaction with and custodianship of their natural surroundings), warning that current academic practices risk sidelining First Nations authority while benefiting from their expertise.
The study led by Flinders University and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), published as a major perspective piece, argues that Indigenous groups must be treated as active partners in research publications — not just contributors acknowledged in footnotes or ‘personal communications’.
As governments, funding bodies and institutions increasingly emphasise Indigenous engagement, the authors — a collective of Traditional Owners, non-Indigenous and Indigenous researchers in ecology, archaeology, anthropology, history, and law, experts in Indigenous relations, and librarians based in Australia — say publication practices have failed to keep pace, leaving communities without real control over how their Knowledges are used, cited, or shared.
Across Australia, Indigenous Knowledges already underpin some of the country’s most important research, from cultural fire management and biodiversity conservation to marine science and climate adaptation. Yet the research finds that although scientists frequently rely on these Knowledges, there are few formal systems to ensure Indigenous consent, authority, and data sovereignty are respected once findings are published.
“Indigenous Knowledges are not historical artefacts, they are living, evolving systems of knowing that are actively shaping contemporary science, but the way research is published often obscures that reality,” says lead author Christine Barry, a PhD candidate with AIMS.
The paper focuses on Australia’s First Nations communities, which include more than 250 distinct language groups with their own governance structures, cultural protocols, and systems of authority.
The research concludes that a single national or international citation standard is not only impractical, but potentially harmful, because it risks flattening this diversity and reproducing colonial power imbalances within academia.
Instead, the authors propose a dynamic, community-led approach that embeds Indigenous consent and decision-making throughout the research and publication process. That process includes recognising when Indigenous groups prefer co-authorship over citation, when Knowledges should be attributed to Country (the ancestral lands, waterways, seas, and skies to which a particular Indigenous group is connected and belongs, and of which it is custodian) rather than individuals, and when certain information should not be published at all.
The paper points to long-term collaborations that show what good practice can look like when Indigenous groups are involved from the outset.
“One good example is Flinders University’s maritime archaeology work led by Professor Jonathan Benjamin in collaboration with the Murujuga Aboriginal Corporation in the Pilbara, where research has been shaped through sustained partnership, community governance and clear agreements around data use, authorship and consent,” says co-lead author, Matthew Flinders Professor of Global Ecology Corey Bradshaw from Flinders University.
“Rather than treating engagement as a compliance exercise, these projects embed Indigenous authority into how co-designed research questions are framed and how results are communicated.”
Other examples cited include partnerships with Banbai Rangers in New South Wales to co-design cultural burning calendars that reduce bushfire risk, and collaborations with Bardi Jawi Rangers in northern Western Australia to monitor coral reefs and fish populations within Indigenous Protected Areas. In each case, Indigenous Knowledges are not supplementary, but foundational to the research outcomes.
Professor Bradshaw from Flinders’ College of Science and Engineering, says a major finding of the study is that trust cannot be retrofitted at the publication stage.
“Meaningful engagement takes time, resources, and institutional support, and we should not assume communities want their Knowledges cited or published,” says Professor Bradshaw.
“The right to say “no” — including the right to withdraw consent — is described as central to genuine Indigenous data sovereignty, even though this challenges conventional academic expectations of permanence and open access.”
Co-author Uncle Bob Muir, a Woppaburra Elder and Indigenous Partnerships Co-ordinator at AIMS, says that improving how Indigenous Knowledges are cited is not about adding another layer of bureaucracy, but about recognising First Nations Peoples as authorities whose rights continue beyond the fieldwork stage.
“Finally, we are excited to see the amplification of Indigenous Knowledge systems, after all, who wouldn’t want to learn alongside cultures that mastered the aerodynamics of a boomerang, long before the scientific field of aerodynamics was even established,” says Uncle Bob Muir.
Link to research and images here Photo of Uncle Bob Muir courtesy Gus Burrows / AIMS
The paper, ‘Crediting and citing Indigenous Knowledges within research’, by C Barry, B Muir, V Backhaus, C Coyne, E Donnelly, E Evans-Illidge, LC Ferreira, D Flagg, M-S Fletcher, AC Gleiss, M Harris, JL Hounslow, D Kampers, L Keevers-Lock, C Koroi, J Mamtora, M Marshall, MG Meekan, A Poelina, Y Ropeyarn , L Russell, M Thums, R Tobler, S Ulm, CJA Bradshaw was published in BioScience. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biag009 [See paper for full author information]
Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the sovereign Traditional Owners and Custodians (First Nations) of the unceded lands and seas where we live and work, including Martuwarra Fitzroy River Booroo (Country) (AP, MM), Whadjuk Noongar Boodja in Boorloo/
INDEPENDENT NEWS IS IMPORTANT.
Enjoy reading Eco Voice? Please help us by purchasing a GIFT Voucher or send one to a friend and encourage people to purchase trees or seeds via The Native Shop – www.nativeshop.com.au
Plants, seeds & more delivered to your door!
